{"id":3011,"date":"2025-12-07T11:22:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-07T11:22:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/?page_id=3011"},"modified":"2025-12-07T21:55:08","modified_gmt":"2025-12-07T21:55:08","slug":"de-la-mine-a-lacier","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/?page_id=3011","title":{"rendered":"De la mine \u00e0 l\u2019acier"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-4f9b5ea4213803d3865eb90b636f33e2\">De la mine \u00e0 l\u2019acier<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-aa5204b285ea14405639d234980c805f\">01.Petit voyage dans le temps<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-9698dfe0ceae63f4e2e0599b73488b37\">1.1 <strong><em>l\u2019acier, un m\u00e9tal qui a chang\u00e9 le monde<\/em>,<br> Les \u00c2ges des M\u00e9taux : <\/strong><em>\u00c2ge du Cuivre, \u00c2ge du Bronze, \u00c2ge du Fer<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"432\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1024x432.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3013\" style=\"width:652px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1024x432.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-300x127.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-768x324.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image.png 1345w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-e4ed31ce5841db8d4b18b3faa241d4fe\"><strong>Il y a bien longtemps, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge du fer, nos anc\u00eatres se sont dit :<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong><em>\u201cLe bronze, c\u2019est sympa, mais c\u2019est un peu trop mall\u00e9able quand on tape dessus\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/strong><em>En chauffant des pierres de minerai <\/em>dans de simples fours \u00e0 charbon, ils ont d\u00e9couvert un m\u00e9tal plus dur, plus costaud : <strong><em>le fer<\/em><\/strong>. Mais ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas encore parfait <em>Trop de carbone<\/em>, et hop, <em>\u00e7a casse comme du verre (la fonte). <\/em>Pas assez, et c\u2019est tout mou ! Il leur a fallu plusieurs si\u00e8cles pour trouver le bon m\u00e9lange : un peu de fer, un soup\u00e7on de carbone<strong>\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u00ab&nbsp;Et boum, l\u2019acier \u00e9tait n\u00e9 !&nbsp;\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cd4424b34e9069c5e1d93191977c8e2c\">Les premiers outils et armes en acier apparaissent <em>vers 1200 avant J.-C., <\/em>chez les Hittites en Anatolie, actuelle Turquie. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, c\u2019\u00e9tait presque un m\u00e9tal magique : rares \u00e9taient ceux qui savaient le fabriquer. Puis, <em>les Romains ont perfectionn\u00e9 les techniques de forge<\/em>. Pour fabriquer \u00e9p\u00e9es, clous, outils, chars, etc. Tout ce qu\u2019il fallait pour construire un empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Depuis, l\u2019acier n\u2019a jamais quitt\u00e9 l\u2019histoire humaine :<\/strong> Des \u00e9p\u00e9es m\u00e9di\u00e9vales aux ponts d\u2019Eiffel, des roues de train aux garde-corps que vous fabriquez \u00e0 l\u2019atelier\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"797\" height=\"353\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3014\" style=\"width:511px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1.png 797w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-300x133.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-768x340.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 797px) 100vw, 797px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"L&#039;HISTOIRE INCROYABLE DU METAL!\" width=\"690\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uCaKO0vAZI8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Histoire - Histoire de la m\u00e9tallurgie\" width=\"690\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/I7DDXtz5Oy0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1.2. D\u00e9finition de l\u2019acier<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019acier est un alliage m\u00e9tallique compos\u00e9 principalement de :<\/strong> <strong><em>Fer (Fe) :<\/em><\/strong><em> \u00e9l\u00e9ment de base. Et de <\/em><strong><em>Carbone (C) :<\/em><\/strong><em> en petite quantit\u00e9, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,02 % et 2 %.<\/em><br><strong>C\u2019est la quantit\u00e9 de carbone qui distingue l\u2019acier de la fonte :<\/strong><em>Si le carbone est inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 2 % \u2192<\/em><strong><em> Acier<\/em><\/strong><em> et Si le carbone est sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 2 % \u2192<\/em><strong><em> Fonte<\/em><\/strong><br><strong>En r\u00e9sum\u00e9 : <\/strong>L\u2019acier est du fer am\u00e9lior\u00e9 par une petite quantit\u00e9 de carbone, ce qui le rend plus r\u00e9sistant et plus mall\u00e9able que la fonte<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.3 <strong>Les usages de l\u2019acier en m\u00e9tallerie<\/strong>:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>En m\u00e9tallerie, l\u2019acier est le mat\u00e9riau le plus utilis\u00e9 car il combine plusieurs qualit\u00e9s :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00b7<em>R\u00e9sistance m\u00e9canique \u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Bonne soudabilit\u00e9<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7<em>Facilit\u00e9 de mise en forme (pliage, per\u00e7age, assemblage)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7<em>Co\u00fbt mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Applications concr\u00e8tes en atelier de m\u00e9tallerie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Ossatures m\u00e9talliques (portails, garde-corps, escaliers)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Structures et ch\u00e2ssis<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Ferronnerie, serrurerie, mobilier m\u00e9tallique<\/em> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7<em>Barreaudages, charpentes, rampes<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-e67a4a77aa359c14ae07e1eededdcf89\"><strong>02. L\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.1 Les gisements de minerai de fer dans le monde et en France<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"364\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2-1024x364.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3023\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.813334031084829;width:631px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2-1024x364.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2-300x107.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2-768x273.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2.png 1227w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>Le fer ne se trouve pas directement sous forme de m\u00e9tal dans la nature<\/em>. Il est contenu dans des roches qu\u2019on appelle <em>des minerais de fer<\/em>. Ces minerais contiennent du fer combin\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne on <em>parle d\u2019oxydes de fer<\/em>. Le minerai de fer n&rsquo;est pas rare, on en trouve en grande quantit\u00e9 \u00e0 la surface de la terre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Le&nbsp;fer&nbsp;est l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9ment chimique&nbsp;de&nbsp;num\u00e9ro atomique&nbsp;26, de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liste_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques\">symbole<\/a>&nbsp;Fe.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"655\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-1024x655.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3025\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5633815104545323;width:700px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-1024x655.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-300x192.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-768x491.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3.png 1334w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 Les deux principaux minerais de fer sont :<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>H\u00e9matite<\/em> (Fe\u2082O\u2083) \u2192 de couleur rouge brut<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Magn\u00e9tite<\/em> (Fe\u2083O\u2084) \u2192 noire et magn\u00e9tique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"453\" height=\"860\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3031\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.5267556823973092;width:140px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-7.png 453w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-7-158x300.png 158w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 Les principaux pays producteurs d&rsquo;acier : la carte du monde sid\u00e9rurgique<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"574\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-8-1024x574.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3033\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-8-1024x574.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-8-300x168.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-8-768x430.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-8.png 1217w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Pays<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">2024<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">2023<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Classement<\/td><td>Tonnage<\/td><td>Classement<\/td><td>Tonnage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chine<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>1005.1<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>1022.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inde<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>149.6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>140.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japon<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>84.0<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>87.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c9tats-Unis d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>79.5<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>81.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russie<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>70.7<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>76.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cor\u00e9e du Sud<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>63.5<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>66.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Allemagne<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>37.2<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>35.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>36.9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>33.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Br\u00e9sil<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>33.7<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>32.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iran<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>31.0<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>30.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Viet Nam<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>22.1<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>19.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Italie<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>20.0<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>21.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ta\u00efwan, Chine<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>19.1<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>19.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indon\u00e9sie<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>17.0<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>16.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mexique<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>13.7<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>16.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Canada<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>12.2<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>12.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Espagne<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>11.8<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>11.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>France<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>10.8<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>10.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les principaux pays producteurs d&rsquo;acier : la carte du monde sid\u00e9rurgique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>En 2024&nbsp;:<\/strong> <em>la chine, l\u2019inde, le japon, les USA, la Russie, la Cor\u00e9e du sud, Allemagne,&nbsp; \u2026.. en 18em place la France <\/em>..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>Ce sont eux qui alimentent aujourd\u2019hui la majorit\u00e9 des aci\u00e9ries du monde.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En France, <em>les anciens gisements les plus connus se trouvaient en lorraine<\/em>, dans le bassin de briey-longwy-thionville. Ces mines ont ferm\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, mais elles ont longtemps fait vivre toute une r\u00e9gion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.4 . L\u2019extraction du minerai de fer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le minerai est extrait de la terre dans de <em>grandes mines \u00e0 ciel ouvert ou souterraines.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"353\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-9-1024x353.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3037\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-9-1024x353.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-9-300x104.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-9-768x265.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-9-1536x530.png 1536w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-9.png 1843w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Une fois extrait, il subit plusieurs \u00e9tapes :<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1.<strong>Le concassage \u2192 <\/strong>on casse les gros blocs en morceaux plus petits.<br>2.<strong>Le tri et le lavage <\/strong>\u2192 on retire les impuret\u00e9s (terre, silice, sable\u2026).<br>3.<strong>L\u2019agglom\u00e9ration ou la pelletisation <\/strong>\u2192 on transforme les fines poussi\u00e8res en boulettes compactes appel\u00e9es pellets.<br><strong>Ces boulettes sont pr\u00eates \u00e0 \u00eatre fondues dans le haut-fourneau<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exemple de mine \u00e0 ciel ouvert ici mine de diamant : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Diamants : Botswana, la plus grande mine du monde - Sur le front avec Hugo Cl\u00e9ment 18 d\u00e9cembre 2023\" width=\"690\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/s3qkwZhRmyw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-b00794a6391a66d5d5ff90b5bdfc3ed0\"><strong>3.De la mine au haut-fourneau<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"638\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-1024x638.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3040\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-1024x638.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-300x187.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10-768x479.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-10.png 1170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"COMMENT SE FABRIQUE L\u2019ACIER INOXYDABLE \ud83c\udfed | \u00c9TAPE PAR \u00c9TAPE\" width=\"690\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/edT2hu8GFgA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Le dire c&#039;est bien le fer c&#039;est mieux - C&#039;est pas sorcier\" width=\"690\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xOO6_KGEdUA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p data-wp-context---core-fit-text=\"core\/fit-text::{&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-wp-init---core-fit-text=\"core\/fit-text::callbacks.init\" data-wp-interactive data-wp-style--font-size=\"core\/fit-text::context.fontSize\" class=\"has-fit-text\"><strong>3.1 On introduit du minerai de fer et du coke dans le haut fourneau<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"801\" height=\"897\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3041\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.8929980067008779;width:529px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-11.png 801w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-11-268x300.png 268w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-11-768x860.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Le coke<\/strong>: <br>Le <strong>coke<\/strong> est obtenu par distillation de la <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Houille\">houille<\/a> dans un four \u00e0 l&rsquo;abri de l&rsquo;air. L&rsquo;usine o\u00f9 l&rsquo;on fabrique le coke est appel\u00e9e <strong>cokerie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"417\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3042\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.3382030679327976;width:183px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-12.png 558w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-12-300x224.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La houille<\/strong>:<br>La <strong>houille<\/strong> est une roche carbon\u00e9e elle contient une certaine quantit\u00e9 de carbone<br>(70 \u00e0 90 %). On la trouve dans les mines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"345\" height=\"375\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3043\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.9200233508464681;width:120px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-13.png 345w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-13-276x300.png 276w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.2 La fonte et le laitier<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"985\" height=\"467\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3045\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-14.png 985w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-14-300x142.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-14-768x364.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Parmi les coproduits issus d&rsquo;un haut fourneau, on peut citer&nbsp;<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022<em>le laitier de haut fourneau, valoris\u00e9 dans les travaux publics<\/em>. Pour un haut fourneau fonctionnant avec des minerais de fer riches, on atteint g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une proportion 317 kg de laitier de mani\u00e8re&nbsp; R\u00e9guli\u00e8re pour 1 tonne de fonte produite.<br>\u2022<em>le gaz r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 au gueulard<\/em>, qui correspond \u00e0 l&rsquo;air chaud inject\u00e9 au creuset, dont l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne est devenu du monoxyde de carbone, <em>est un bon combustible<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>A cette \u00e9tape il y \u00e0 r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de la fonte&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"258\" height=\"480\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3046\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-15.png 258w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-15-161x300.png 161w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 258px) 100vw, 258px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.3 De la fonte \u00e0 l\u2019acier<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de conversion \u00e0 l\u2019aide du <em>convertisseur \u00e0 oxyg\u00e8ne<\/em><strong><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><br>1. <em>Introduction de la ferraille issue du recyclage <\/em>et de <em>la fonte liquide <\/em>dans le convertisseur \u00e0 oxyg\u00e8ne :<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"753\" height=\"290\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3050\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-16.png 753w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-16-300x116.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 753px) 100vw, 753px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Introduction de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"267\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-17-1024x267.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3051\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-17-1024x267.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-17-300x78.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-17-768x200.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-17.png 1240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>R\u00e9cup\u00e9ration du m\u00e9lange:<\/strong><em> \u00e0 ce stade nous avons un alliage de m\u00e9tal non d\u00e9fini<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Etape de l\u2019affinage&nbsp;<\/strong><br><em>L\u2019ajout d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u2019addition (nickel, chrome etc..) d\u00e9termine les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques de l\u2019acier<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"655\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-18-1024x655.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3052\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5633815104545323;width:704px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-18-1024x655.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-18-300x192.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-18-768x492.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-18.png 1217w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.4&nbsp; La coul\u00e9e m\u00e9canique&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019acier en fusion s\u2019\u00e9coule en continu dans le moule sans fond. En traversant ce moule, il commence \u00e0 se solidifier au contact des parois refroidies \u00e0 l\u2019eau. Le m\u00e9tal moul\u00e9 descend guid\u00e9 par un jeu de rouleaux, et continue de se refroidir.&nbsp; Arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 la sortie, il est solidifi\u00e9 \u00e0 c\u0153ur. Il est imm\u00e9diatement coup\u00e9 aux longueurs voulues<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"320\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3053\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-19.png 1000w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-19-300x96.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-19-768x246.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Brame&nbsp;:<\/strong> <em>C&rsquo;est la mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re utilis\u00e9e pour la fabrication des t\u00f4les<\/em>.<br><strong>Bloom&nbsp;:<\/strong> <em>s&#8217;emploie pour les produits de grosse section g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement rectangulaire qui seront transform\u00e9s en grosses poutrelles, rails ou palplanches<\/em>.<br><strong>Billette&nbsp;:<\/strong> <em>Pour le laminage des fils, petites poutrelles,&nbsp; barres petite section (carr\u00e9e ,rond etc..)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"438\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-20.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3054\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.2968469623173546;width:608px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-20.png 1006w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-20-300x131.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-20-768x334.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1006px) 100vw, 1006px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Processus de fabrication de poutre en H&nbsp;<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Amazing Scale! Process of Making I-Beam with Metal Scrap. Korean Steel Factory\" width=\"690\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MfaqrVFnQBQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.5 Laminage a chaud<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le laminage \u00e0 chaud&nbsp;:<br><\/strong><em>Les brame&nbsp;chauff\u00e9s \u00e0 800 \u2013 1200\u00b0C. L\u2019acier est r\u00e9chauff\u00e9 \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature et \u00e9cras\u00e9 en continu, se qui nous donne des produit plat et long<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"895\" height=\"293\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3056\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3.05471901812603;width:580px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-21.png 895w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-21-300x98.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-21-768x251.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 895px) 100vw, 895px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Melting 50 Million Tons of Iron Ore! Process of Making High Quality Wire Rods in Korea\" width=\"690\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9kIzYEY9IKs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pour r\u00e9sumer : <\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-22-344x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3058\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-22-344x1024.png 344w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-22-101x300.png 101w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-22.png 379w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-287b6dbfd943e7f5b93dc8466a5b208a\"><strong>4.&nbsp; Les grandes familles d\u2019aciers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3c93cb86c153f75f6b6ac99af8a2c12a\"><strong>4.1 Les aciers non alli\u00e9s (courants)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77c11443600aec29cf49c38fa7761950\">\u2022<em>Les <\/em><strong><em>aciers non alli\u00e9s<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em><em>sont compos\u00e9s <\/em><strong><em>uniquement de fer et de carbone<\/em><\/strong>, avec parfois des traces naturelles d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments (soufre, phosphore, silicium\u2026). <em>Leur <\/em><strong><em>teneur en carbone<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em><em>varie entre <\/em><strong><em>0,02 % et 0,8 %<\/em><\/strong><em>, <\/em>ce qui influence leur duret\u00e9 et leur r\u00e9sistance. Ce sont les aciers <strong><em>les plus utilis\u00e9s en m\u00e9tallerie<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em><em>et en construction.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"264\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-23-1024x264.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3059\" style=\"width:552px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-23-1024x264.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-23-300x77.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-23-768x198.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-23-1536x395.png 1536w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-23.png 1628w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b6ac08e5bd4d6b849558ce11674af485\">\u2022Cette simplicit\u00e9 ne doit pas faire oublier sa polyvalence. En effet, <em>selon sa teneur en carbone, ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s peuvent varier consid\u00e9rablement.<\/em><br>\u2022<em>Un acier \u00e0 faible teneur en carbone sera facile \u00e0 travailler et \u00e0 souder<\/em>, id\u00e9al pour la construction de structures ou la fabrication de t\u00f4les. <em>Augmentez la teneur en carbone, et vous obtiendrez un acier plus dur, parfait pour les outils ou les ressorts<\/em>.<br>\u2022Cependant, cette duret\u00e9 accrue s\u2019accompagne d\u2019une plus grande fragilit\u00e9 et d\u2019une sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la corrosion.<br>\u2022<em>Dans notre quotidien, l\u2019acier au carbone est partout<\/em>. Il forme l\u2019ossature de nos b\u00e2timents, constitue la carrosserie de nos voitures, et se retrouve dans de nombreux outils de notre bo\u00eete \u00e0 bricolage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exemples :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"246\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-24-1024x246.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3060\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-24-1024x246.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-24-300x72.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-24-768x184.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-24.png 1176w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong>Usages :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f45032fc8fa549e78f54657e13ebe814\">\u00b7<em>Charpentes m\u00e9talliques<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cbb8e9caee87c0bc542a3e6034e4d178\"><em>Garde-corps<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-aa2e73142150bd7cb7ee53e62ce202cd\"><em>Portails, escaliers<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-981716d073cd2da12683c35da067d48f\"><em>Serrurerie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"ANDR\u00c9 LAURENT :: Machine Traction - Teste la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la rupture d&#039;une pi\u00e8ce m\u00e9tallique\" width=\"690\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qlGfLSV5ICc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bbb09be4eb48ce7ded5826536a9176b7\"><strong>4.2 Les aciers alli\u00e9s (avec chrome, nickel, mangan\u00e8se\u2026)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9cd63edf7e104bb1035fb7c1338d9851\"><em>Les <\/em><strong><em>aciers alli\u00e9s<\/em><\/strong> <em>contiennent, en plus du fer et du carbone, un ou plusieurs <\/em><strong><em>\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019alliage<\/em><\/strong><em>qui modifient leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s.<br><\/em>Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments peuvent \u00eatre :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Chrome (Cr)<\/strong> \u2192 <em>am\u00e9liore la duret\u00e9 et la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nickel (Ni)<\/strong> \u2192 <em>augmente la r\u00e9sistance et la t\u00e9nacit\u00e9<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mangan\u00e8se (Mn)<\/strong> \u2192 <em>am\u00e9liore la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019usure<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Molybd\u00e8ne (Mo)<\/strong> \u2192 <em>renforce la tenue \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vanadium (V)<\/strong> \u2192 <em>am\u00e9liore la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la fatigue<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e7757265f5cd57d6ae255adedf9310e7\"><strong>En r\u00e9sum\u00e9 : <\/strong><em>On \u201cassaisonne\u201d l\u2019acier avec diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments pour lui donner des qualit\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res, un peu comme un chef ajoute des \u00e9pices \u00e0 sa recette !<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Usages :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-226a9f546f968b843af7bebaac6bb7e2\">Outillage, pi\u00e8ces m\u00e9caniques de pr\u00e9cision Engins de chantier, outillages de coupe Visserie haute r\u00e9sistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4.3 Les aciers inoxydables<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-727dbabf49b45b46442ed9b85ce8a99c\"><em>Les aciers inoxydables sont des aciers alli\u00e9s avec au moins 10,5 % de chrome et souvent du nickel<\/em>. <em>Le chrome forme une fine couche protectrice d\u2019oxyde \u00e0 la surface du m\u00e9tal, <\/em>emp\u00eachant la&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corrosion\">corrosion<\/a><\/em>, \u00e0 <em>l\u2019<\/em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxydation\">oxydation<\/a><\/em>&nbsp; \u00e0 chaud et au<em>&nbsp;<\/em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fluage\">fluage<\/a><\/em><em>&nbsp;<\/em>(d\u00e9formation irr\u00e9versible). Ils sont essentiellement alli\u00e9s au&nbsp;chrome, \u00e9l\u00e9ment qui conf\u00e8re <strong><em>la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>inoxydabilit\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>, et au&nbsp;nickel, \u00e9l\u00e9ment qui conf\u00e8re de bonnes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques. Les aciers inoxydables sont class\u00e9s en quatre familles&nbsp;: ferritique, aust\u00e9nitique, martensitique et aust\u00e9no-ferritique. Les aciers inoxydables aust\u00e9nitiques sont les plus mall\u00e9ables et conservent cette propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 tr\u00e8s basse temp\u00e9rature (\u2212200&nbsp;\u00b0C).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9a75eb6159619d86595c93360ed8fe06\"><strong>Leurs applications sont multiples&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/strong><em>chimie,&nbsp;nucl\u00e9aire,&nbsp;alimentaire<\/em>, <em>mais aussi coutellerie et \u00e9quipements m\u00e9nagers. Ces aciers contiennent au moins 10,5&nbsp;% de chrome et moins de 1,2&nbsp;% de&nbsp;carbone.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98484d9e72644b6a0c207b0efa49de83\"><strong>Il existe plusieurs familles d\u2019inox<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Inox aust\u00e9nitiques (ex : 304, 316)<\/strong> \u2192 non magn\u00e9tiques, tr\u00e8s r\u00e9sistants \u00e0 la corrosion (ex : garde-corps, cuisines, milieux marins)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inox ferritiques(ex : 430)<\/strong> \u2192 <em>magn\u00e9tiques, utilis\u00e9s en d\u00e9coration, mobilier, \u00e9lectrom\u00e9nager<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inox martensitiques (ex : 410)<\/strong> \u2192 <em>plus durs, utilis\u00e9s pour les couteaux et outils<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.4 Tableau de comparaison : composition, propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, usages<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"298\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-25-1024x298.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3062\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-25-1024x298.png 1024w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-25-300x87.png 300w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-25-768x224.png 768w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-25.png 1222w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1. sur les produits m\u00e9tallurgiques: <a href=\"https:\/\/ecom.descours-cabaud.net\/produits-metallurgiques-2010\">https:\/\/ecom.descours-cabaud.net\/produits-metallurgiques-2010<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecom.descours-cabaud.net\/produits-metallurgiques-2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"568\" height=\"797\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3070\" style=\"width:232px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-26.png 568w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-26-214x300.png 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Les menuiseries m\u00e9tallique : <a href=\"https:\/\/ecom.descours-cabaud.net\/prolians\/menuiserie-metallique-documentation-technique\">https:\/\/ecom.descours-cabaud.net\/prolians\/menuiserie-metallique-documentation-technique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecom.descours-cabaud.net\/prolians\/menuiserie-metallique-documentation-technique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"557\" height=\"765\" src=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-27.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3071\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.7281174110442403;width:255px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-27.png 557w, http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-27-218x300.png 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De la mine \u00e0 l\u2019acier 01.Petit voyage dans le temps 1.1 l\u2019acier, un m\u00e9tal qui a chang\u00e9 le monde, Les \u00c2ges des M\u00e9taux : \u00c2ge du Cuivre, \u00c2ge du Bronze, \u00c2ge du Fer Il y a bien longtemps, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge du fer, nos anc\u00eatres se sont dit : \u201cLe bronze, c\u2019est sympa, mais c\u2019est un [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1277,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3011","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3011","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3011"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3074,"href":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3011\/revisions\/3074"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/alexandrewack.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}